> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://cosmos-docs-cosmjs-docs.mintlify.site/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Signing & Broadcasting

> Sign and broadcast transactions, or separate the two steps for advanced workflows

Once you have your messages and fee, `SigningStargateClient` handles signing and broadcasting. There are three approaches depending on how much control you need.

## `signAndBroadcast` — The Standard Flow

Signs the transaction, broadcasts it, and polls until it is included in a block:

```typescript theme={"system"}
const result = await client.signAndBroadcast(
  senderAddress,
  [sendMsg],
  "auto",
  "payment for services",
);
```

The returned `DeliverTxResponse` contains everything about the executed transaction:

| Field             | Type                                            | Description                                              |
| ----------------- | ----------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- |
| `transactionHash` | `string`                                        | Hex-encoded transaction hash                             |
| `code`            | `number`                                        | `0` on success, non-zero on failure                      |
| `height`          | `number`                                        | Block height where the tx was included                   |
| `txIndex`         | `number`                                        | 0-based index of the transaction within the block        |
| `gasUsed`         | `bigint`                                        | Actual gas consumed                                      |
| `gasWanted`       | `bigint`                                        | Gas limit from the fee                                   |
| `events`          | `readonly Event[]`                              | Transaction events emitted during execution              |
| `rawLog`          | `string \| undefined`                           | Raw log string (often contains error details on failure) |
| `msgResponses`    | `Array<{ typeUrl: string; value: Uint8Array }>` | Protobuf-encoded response for each message               |

## `signAndBroadcastSync` — Fire and Forget

Signs and broadcasts but returns immediately with the transaction hash, without waiting for block inclusion:

```typescript theme={"system"}
const txHash = await client.signAndBroadcastSync(
  senderAddress,
  [sendMsg],
  "auto",
  "payment for services",
);
```

Use this when you want to submit a transaction and check the result later (e.g. via `client.getTx(txHash)`).

## Separate Sign and Broadcast

For advanced workflows (offline signing, multi-sig, or inspecting the signed bytes before broadcasting), separate the two steps:

```typescript theme={"system"}
import { TxRaw } from "cosmjs-types/cosmos/tx/v1beta1/tx";
import { calculateFee } from "@cosmjs/stargate";

const fee = calculateFee(200_000, "0.025uatom");
const txRaw = await client.sign(senderAddress, [sendMsg], fee, "memo");

const txBytes = TxRaw.encode(txRaw).finish();
const result = await client.broadcastTx(txBytes);
```

The `sign` method accepts an optional `explicitSignerData` parameter for offline signing, where account number, sequence, and chain ID must be provided manually:

```typescript theme={"system"}
const txRaw = await client.sign(senderAddress, [sendMsg], fee, "memo", {
  accountNumber: 42,
  sequence: 7,
  chainId: "cosmoshub-4",
});
```

## Next Steps

<CardGroup cols={2}>
  <Card title="Waiting for Confirmation" icon="clock" href="/cosmjs/v0.38.x/guides/transactions/confirmation">
    Configure polling timeouts and handle transactions that take too long.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Advanced Patterns" icon="gear" href="/cosmjs/v0.38.x/concepts/transactions/advanced">
    Offline signing, IBC transfers, and inspecting signed transactions.
  </Card>

  <Card title="Wallets" icon="wallet" href="/cosmjs/v0.38.x/concepts/account/local-wallets">
    Create wallets from mnemonics, or integrate browser extensions like Keplr.
  </Card>
</CardGroup>